吲哚菁绿荧光成像技术在甲状腺外科的应用进展

目前，在甲状腺外科手术中困扰临床医生的主要难题仍然是手术范围的选择和术后甲状旁腺功能减退症的发生。而吲哚菁绿作为一种近红外荧光成像剂，利用其实时荧光成像技术可显示组织器官血流灌注情况，进行区域淋巴结显影，精准定位病灶范围，在外科手术中优势显著，已广泛应用于眼科、乳腺外科等临床科室。近年来在甲状腺外科也开展了相关的基础和临床研究，本文复习相关文献，就吲哚菁绿在甲状腺手术中的应用进展作一综述。     

中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值及血小板与淋巴细胞比值变化在直肠癌新辅助治疗中的意义

目的探讨新辅助治疗前后中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)及血小板与淋巴细胞比值(PLR)变化在直肠癌新辅助治疗中的意义。方法回顾性分析2013年11月至2015年1月山西省肿瘤医院收治的86例接受新辅助治疗的直肠癌患者资料,分析新辅助治疗前后NLR、PLR变化与患者临床病理特征及疗效的关系。结果86例患者治疗后NLR、PLR升高均为43例。直肠癌患者新辅助治疗前后的NLR及PLR变化与患者年龄、性别、TNM分期、淋巴结转移及癌结节数量、肿瘤长径均无关(均P>0.05),肿瘤与肛门距离<6 cm者治疗后NLR、PLR升高者比例均高于≥6 cm者[60.00%(30/50)比36.11%(13/36),χ^2=4.778,P=0.029;64.00%(32/50)比30.56%(11/36),χ^2=9.364,P=0.002];体质量指数≥28 kg/m2者治疗后NLR、PLR升高者比例均高于<28 kg/m2者[81.82%(9/11)比45.33%(34/75),χ^2=5.108,P=0.024;90.91%(10/11)比44.00%(33/75),χ^2=8.444,P=0.004]。治疗后NLR降低组患者的缓解率高于NLR升高组[72.09%(31/43)比51.16%(31/43),χ^2=3.983,P=0.046],而治疗前后PLR变化与患者新辅助治疗效果无关(P>0.05)。结论直肠癌患者新辅助治疗前后NLR变化与其疗效相关。     

蜘蛛香环烯醚萜部位干预CUMS致抑郁小鼠脑组织的1H-NMR代谢组学分析

目的:利用代谢组学技术分析慢性温和不可预知应激(CUMS)抑郁模型小鼠脑组织样本,寻找与抑郁相关的差异代谢物,探讨蜘蛛香环烯醚萜部位(IEFV)可能的抗抑郁作用机制。方法:42只昆明小鼠随机分为6组,包括正常组,模型组,氟西汀组(2.5 mg·kg-1),IEFV低、中、高剂量组(给药剂量分别为5.73,11.47,22.94 mg·kg-1)。采用CUMS对小鼠造模,以IEFV及阳性药(氟西汀)为干预药物,用行为指标和生化指标进行药效学评价。采用核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)代谢组学技术分析IEFV对CUMS抑郁模型小鼠脑组织中内源性物质的影响,结合多变量统计分析方法来确认差异代谢物,并对差异代谢物参与的代谢通路进行富集。结果:造模后,小鼠的不动时间大幅度提高、蔗糖偏好率明显下降,兴奋性神经递质5-羟色胺和去甲肾上腺素显著下降,表明造模成功。给予IEFV和氟西汀后,小鼠不动时间、蔗糖偏好率和兴奋性神经递质向正常水平回调,提示给药后抑郁状态得到了一定程度的缓解。脑组织中内源性代谢物主成分分析(PCA)结果显示,模型组可与正常组明显分开,同时IEFV低、中、高剂量组和氟西汀组均显示有偏离模型组向正常组靠拢的趋势,与行为学结果一致。模型组与正常组进行正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析(OPLS-DA)得到了16个变化显著的差异代谢物,包括12个水溶性差异代谢物和4个脂溶性差异代谢物。通过MetPA数据库分析得到7条潜在靶标代谢通路,包括三羧酸循环(TCA),牛磺酸和亚牛磺酸的代谢,丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢等。IEFV高剂量组可显著回调11种差异代谢物。结论:IEFV可能主要通过影响能量代谢,氨基酸代谢和神经递质水平发挥抗抑郁作用,可为IEFV抗抑郁作用机制的深入研究提供参考依据。     

从免疫炎性损伤角度探讨5种清热解毒药物抗流感的机制及其临床意义

目的探讨黄芩、板蓝根、白头翁、虎杖、白花蛇舌草5种清热解毒代表药物抗流感病毒感染所致免疫炎性损伤的作用机制。方法在流感病毒亚洲甲型鼠肺适应株FM1感染小鼠后的不同时相(初期、极期、后期),采用ELISA法,动态观察清热解毒代表药物对小鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1(IL-1)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、γ干扰素(IFN-γ)5种炎性细胞因子含量的影响。结果黄芩在感染后第3日可显著降低血清TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6含量,并于感染后各时相均可增加IFN-γ含量,感染后第1~5日增加IL-10含量。板蓝根在感染后第3日能显著降低血清TNF-α含量,第3~5日降低IL-6含量,并在感染后第1天升高IL-10含量,在感染后第3~5日能升高IFN-γ含量。白头翁在感染后第3日能明显降低血清TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6含量,同时显著升高IL-10含量。虎杖在感染后第1日可显著升高血清IL-10含量,在感染后第5日升高IFN-γ含量。白花蛇舌草在感染后第3日降低血清IL-6含量,在感染后第5日升高IFN-γ含量。结论黄芩的抗流感作用主要表现在流感病毒感染引起的急性外感热病的极期;板蓝根在流感病毒感染的各个时相均有一定的治疗作用;白头翁在流感病毒感染的极期可抑制炎性损伤;虎杖在感染流感病毒的初期与后期均可减少促炎性细胞因子的分泌;白花蛇舌草在流感病毒感染的极期及后期均可起到一定的抗免疫炎性损伤。各药物均具有抑制炎性损伤、防止多脏器功能衰竭、防止休克、退热和抑制促炎性细胞因子的分泌,调节机体免疫,从而减轻炎症反应的作用。     

MicroRNA‐375‐3p enhances chemosensitivity to 5‐fluorouracil by targeting thymidylate synthase in colorectal cancer

Resistance to chemotherapy is a major challenge for the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Previous studies have found that microRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in drug resistance; however, the role of miRNA‐373‐3p (miR‐375‐3p) in CRC remains unclear. The current study aimed to explore the potential function of miR‐375‐3p in 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) resistance. MicroRNA‐375‐3p was found to be widely downregulated in human CRC cell lines and tissues and to promote the sensitivity of CRC cells to 5‐FU by inducing colon cancer cell apoptosis and cycle arrest and by inhibiting cell growth, migration, and invasion in vitro. Thymidylate synthase (TYMS) was found to be a direct target of miR‐375‐3p, and TYMS knockdown exerted similar effects as miR‐375‐3p overexpression on the CRC cellular response to 5‐FU. Lipid‐coated calcium carbonate nanoparticles (NPs) were designed to cotransport 5‐FU and miR‐375‐3p into cells efficiently and rapidly and to release the drugs in a weakly acidic tumor microenvironment. The therapeutic effect of combined miR‐375 + 5‐FU/NPs was significantly higher than that of the individual treatments in mouse s.c. xenografts derived from HCT116 cells. Our results suggest that restoring miR‐375‐3p levels could be a future novel therapeutic strategy to enhance chemosensitivity to 5‐FU.     

艾烟刺激敏感针灸师人群流行病学特征分析——基于733例面对面横断面调查数据

目的:探索易产生艾烟刺激反应的针灸师人群流行病学特征,为临床艾烟安全性防护提供进一步指导;进一步验证网络调查的可行性。方法:自制艾烟机体反应调查问卷,对临床长期从事艾灸工作的针灸医师进行面对面问卷调查,运用Logistic回归模型分析影响针灸师易产生刺激反应的因素,获取对艾烟刺激敏感针灸师人群的流行病学特征。结果:共获取733例有效数据。多因素Logistic回归模型分析显示,慢性呼吸疾病史是接触艾烟后产生咳嗽、喉中有痰、气喘、呼吸困难、短气、鼻干刺激反应的影响因素(P<0.05,P<0.01);女性发生咳嗽、流泪、鼻干刺激反应的风险性高于男性(P<0.05,P<0.01);吸烟者发生眼干、眼痛的风险性高于不吸烟者(P<0.05);二手香烟暴露者发生短气的风险性高于非二手烟暴露者(P<0.05)。指数趋势线分析表明,网络调查和面对面调查所反映的机体刺激反应结果基本一致。结论:针灸师长期接触艾烟后产生机体刺激反应与慢性呼吸疾病史、女性、吸烟或二手香烟暴露有关,应对这类人群予以重点关注。网络问卷调查可用于艾烟安全性流行病学调查。     

Effectiveness and safety of neuroablation for severe and treatment-resistant obsessive–compulsive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundSeveral neuroablative procedures are available for severe and treatment-resistant obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), but limited knowledge about their relative clinical advantages and disadvantages poses obstacles for treatment decision-making.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Knowledge and the Cochrane Library for reports up to February 2019. We reviewed the literature on the effectiveness (assessed using the Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale [Y-BOCS]) and safety of various neuroablative interventions for severe and treatment-resistant OCD.ResultsWe included 23 studies involving 487 patients in the systematic review; 21 studies with 459 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, neuroablation achieved a response rate (proportion of patients with ≥ 35% reduction in Y-BOCS) of 55%. Most of the adverse events (88.4%) were mild and transient. The top 3 adverse events were headache (14.9%), cognitive deficits (9.1%) and behaviour problems (8.1%). Severe or permanent adverse events included personality changes (2.3%) and brain edema or brain cyst (1.5%). The response rates associated with capsulotomy, limbic leucotomy and cingulotomy were 59% (95% confidence interval [CI] 54–65), 47% (95% CI 23–72) and 36% (95% CI 23–50), respectively. Interventions with different coverages of the dorsal part of the internal capsule were associated with different adverse-event profiles but were unlikely to modify clinical effectiveness.LimitationsThe level of evidence of most included studies was relatively low.ConclusionAblative surgeries are safe and effective for a large proportion of patients with severe and treatment-resistant OCD. Among the available procedures, capsulotomy seemed to be the most effective. Further research is needed to improve clinical effectiveness and minimize risks.     

A Perspective from the Neurocritical Care Society and the Society of Critical Care Medicine: Team-Based Care for Neurological Critical Illness

Neurocritical Care - The Neurocritical Care Society and the Society of Critical Care Medicine have worked together to create a perspective regarding the Standards of Neurologic Critical Care Units...